CRITERIA TO DIAGNOSE ASD
Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
- Marked impairments in the use of multiple non-verbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body posture, and gestures to regulate social interaction
- Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
- A lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people, (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest to other people)
- Lack of social or emotional reciprocity (not actively participating in simple social play or games, preferring solitary activities, or involving others in activities only as tools or "mechanical" aids)
Qualitative impairments in communication as manifested by at least one of the following:
- Delay or total lack of development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gesture or mime)
- In individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
- Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
- Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
- Encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
- Apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
- Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
- Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
Delay or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following areas, with onset prior to age 3 years:
- (A) Social interaction
- (B) Language as used in social communication
- (C) Symbolic or imaginative play
The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett's Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
A total of six (or more) features from (A), (B), and (C), with at least two from (A), and one each from (B) and (C) present in a child confirms the diagnosis of Autism.
TESTS FOR ASD
There is no gold-standard test to diagnose and evaluate ASD. This is because ASD is a spectrum and its manifesting symptoms vary between individuals. However, many rating scales have been devised by different pediatric associations to screen children for ASD. Some of the tests are parent-specific, and many involve interactions with children.
