Piriformis Syndrome:
- Piriformis syndrome refers to Sciatica symptoms originating from overlying piriformis muscle and not due to spinal disc compression.
- It is a peripheral neuritis of the sciatic nerve caused by an abnormal condition of the piriformis muscle.
- It is estimated that at least 6% of patients who are diagnosed as having low back pain actually have piriformis syndrome.
Ankylosing Spondylitis:
- It is an inflammatory condition of the hip joints and pelvis.
- The patient complains of a rigid back and pain, so much so that, as the years pass, a condition called 'bamboo spine' develops where the back becomes completely rigid.
- Ankylosing spondylitis usually begins after the age of 20 years.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis:
- This is caused by narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramina producing loss of blood supply to roots of nerves.
- There is unilateral or bilateral leg pain with burning or cramping.
- The disease generally involves the buttocks and thighs and spreads to the feet.
Reactive arthritis (ReA) also known as Reiter syndrome
- It is an autoimmune disease which develops after an infection.
- It has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) infections and with genitourinary (GU) infections.
- The classic triad of ReA symptoms is though present only in 1/3rd of the patients.
Cauda Equina Compression:
- It is the narrowing of spinal canal leading to compression of nerve roots below the level of spinal cord.
- Symptoms include low back pain, one-sided or both-sided sciatica, weakness, sensory deficits ,loss of sensation in buttocks and perineum, bowel and bladder disturbances, reduced or absent reflexes in the legs.
