- Low sperm count or absence of sperms: Sperm count less than 15 million per milliliters of semen or less than 39 million per ejaculate. Certain infections like Sexually transmitted diseases can cause damage to testicles affecting sperm quality and production. Absence of sperms can be due to testicular and hormonal reasons (low testosterone).
- Physical causes: Sperms are formed in testis but cannot reach to penis due to problem in tubes which carry them. Tubes can get blocked due to surgery, infections and trauma
- Ejaculation problems : Various ejaculation problems can cause Male Infertility like erectile dysfunction (impotency), retrograde ejaculation (sperms goes back into bladder instead of going out through penis), low libido and premature ejaculation. Erectile dysfunctions can be due to medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, heart diseases. It can also be due to psychological reasons and also as a result of side effects of some medicines.
- Autoimmune diseases (Anti sperm antibodies) : These are immune system cells identify sperms as enemies and starts killing them.
- Cancer and tumors of male reproductive organs
- Birth defects : This includes un- descended testicles where testicles fail to descend down the scrotum.
- Chromosomal defects and genetic diseases can also cause problems in functioning of testicles.
- Others : Other rare causes include certain medicinal side effects, celiac disease, surgeries, exposure to chemicals and radiations.
- Over heating of testicles : It can affect sperm production
- Consumption of alcohol and smoking
- Exposure to chemicals can lead to low sperm count
