• Stenosis – Abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or closure.
• Disc herniation – term used for bulging disc, slipped disc or prolapsed disc.
• Degeneration – Process of declination or regression occurring in the body with age.
• Cauda equina - bundle of spinal nerves and spinal roots
• Foot drop – A gait abnormality in which dropping of foot occurs due to irritation and weakness due to damage to the fibular nerve in lower limbs.